{"id":960,"date":"2026-04-21T10:47:09","date_gmt":"2026-04-21T08:47:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/murosaugaesal.com\/?page_id=960"},"modified":"2026-04-22T11:00:10","modified_gmt":"2026-04-22T09:00:10","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/murosaugaesal.com\/en\/patrimonio\/","title":{"rendered":"Patrimony","raw":"Patrimony"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Cultural heritage in the Muros town of water and salt tour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Santa mar\u00eda do campo<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n

Parish church, formerly Collegiate<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the top of the town, in the 12th century, the church of Santa Maria del Campo was erected. In 1500, when Pope Alexander VI granted the parish of Muros the right to a Collegiate church, it was temporarily awarded to the church of San Pedro; but before long renovations to the church of Santa Maria began, in order to properly reflect the town\u2019s new status.
\nToday all that remains of the original Romanesque elements are the main entrance, some corbels and stone engravings. The nave and apse were rebuilt in Gothic style to suit the mariners\u2019 taste, the large pointed arches being notable elements. By 1500 the Rosary Chapel and the sacristy had already been added.
The conversion to Collegiate expanded the site. Throughout the 16th and 17th centuries the side chapels were opened out. In the 18th century some of these were enlarged, and communicating arches were created by way of lateral naves. It was also around then that the baptistry and bell tower were erected.
\nHidden away among the decorations are two telling engravings: stars formed by fish.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
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Where<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00faa Rosal\u00eda de Castro<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Also…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Collegiate Church is the starting point of the Muros, Town of Water and Salt guided tour of Muros<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Iglesia de S. Pedro \u2013 Centro de Visitantes<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n

Old parish church<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This site, now deconsecrated, is Muros\u2019s oldest recorded parish church. The chapel, which the visitor center now occupies, is what remains of the old church of San Pedro de Muros.Some reports suggest that the parish of San Pedro de Muros existed in the 10th century.
\nIn 1500, Pope Alexander VI granted it the status of Collegiate church, which would later pass to the church of Santa Maria del Campo (Saint Mary in the Field).
\nTo note:
\n\u2013 Inscriptions on the outside wall. They usually refer to individuals who participated in the construction of the chapel.
\n\u2013 Corbels, under the cornice. Very typical of the Romanesque style, they include three human heads and various geometric motifs.
\n\u2013 Ornaments on the facades, with a very worn lamb (Agnus Dei) on the western side and a cross on the eastern.
\n\u2013 Inscriptions inside, corresponding to tombstones.
\n\u2013 Baptismal font in the former vestry. Inside you can still read the inscription \u2018JESUS-FILIUS PATER CUR SPRITU SANTO. SIGLO XV\u2019.
\n\u2013 Vaulting in both spaces, the former chapel and the sacristy. They are ribbed vaults, supported by decorated capitals.
\n\u2013 Remains of the old nave, now a cemetery. Part of one of the walls can still be seen, with small chapel- tombs.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Where<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00faa do Hospital<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Also…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is the Interpretation Centre of Muros, Town of Water and Salt<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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A Virxe do Cami\u00f1o’s sanctuary<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n

Gothic Christ and votive offerings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This church is emblematic of maritime society and its religiosity.
\nFor one thing, it appears to have been linked from the beginning to a lepers\u2019 hospital<\/strong> and thus to charity. For another, it was central to maritime devotion: fishermen and sailors put their trust in Our Lady of the Way, evinced by a constant stream of votive offerings \u2013 offerings of gratitude for divine favour.
\nRecords exist, and remains can be seen, of an ancient Romanesque chapel. However, the existing sanctuary dates from the fifteenth century. It is marine Gothic in style. The nave, in four sections, is formed by three pointed arches that support a wooden roof and rest on buttresses. The main altar at the back of the church has ribbed vaulting.\nThe 14th-century Christ Crucified<\/strong> deserves special mention.
\nIt is a Gothic carving in the Tuscan style, unparalleled in the Peninsula (except for a similar image that was in the Collegiate church of Santa Maria del Campo in La Coruna, now located at La Rabida in Huelva). The original cross is gone and the figure suffered modifications during the Baroque period, such as the hair being cut off to be replaced by a wig, and repainting. During the Gothic period, the image of Christ was humanized: the representation of his suffering, his most human aspect, is emphasized. The somewhat restrained expression of pain through the symbols of the passion, the face and the body, are characteristic of the Tuscan school. Perhaps it is not, after all, surprising to find it in a town that had maritime contacts with Italy. This same church received, as a gift from Genoa, the marble baptismal font.
\nAlso characteristic of the sanctuary are its votive offerings<\/strong>, thanking the Virgin for interceding in times of danger, whether from a storm or a pirate attack, as shown in two pictures from the 18th century which narrate the events through text and illustration. Particularly striking is the model ship known as the Transit Frigate, donated probably in the 19th century for unknown reasons.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Where<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Virxe do Cami\u00f1o’s place<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Also…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In mid-August, don\u2019t miss the Virxe do Camino celebrations<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Chapel and O Carme neighborhood<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n

Mariners\u2019 devotion<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This chapel<\/strong> is a private endowment, built in 1767 at the expense of Jeronimo Duran, from Muros but resident in Chile, at that time a part of the Viceroyalty of the River Plate. It represents the end of the Galician Baroque period, by then coexisting with neoclassicism. On the facade, framed by a pair of pilasters, the portico and coat of arms stand out. Inside, note the sculptural altar setting, presided over by the Virgin of the Carmen (Mt Carmelo in Israel).
\nNearby has stood since medieval times the Old Tower or Tower of the Archbishopric, which symbolized the dominion of the Compostela mitre over the town of Muros\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Where<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00faa do Carme (Carmen Lane) and nearby streets<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Also…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Merits a special visit during the Carmen celebrations, around the 16th of July.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Os Remedios chapel<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n

The ‘cruceiros’ (stone crosses) marking out the countryside<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Where<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rua Axesta (Axesta Lane), coming into Muros from Noia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Chapel and neighboardhood of S. Xos\u00e9<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n

Spirituality and solidarity<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The area around the chapel of San Xose, with its many steps, exemplifies the adaptation of the town centre\u2019s features to the terrain. The small chapel, privately owned, dates from the beginning of the 18th century, as does the cross that stands before it.
\nNearby is the Hospital of the Trinity, or Poor Hospital, which from medieval times up to the early 20th century tended the most needy \u2013 Muros inhabitants as well as travellers and pilgrims. It retains that spirit today, as a social centre.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Where<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rua San Xose (St Joseph\u2019s Lane) and surrounding area<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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R\u00faa de Axesta<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n

The town\u2019s growth<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is mention of the street and neighborhood of Axesta from the 18th century, when the authorities encouraged house-building in the area. It was thus one of the growth areas of the city in modern times. Here was located the Justice Scroll, the column that symbolized Muros\u2019s jurisdiction, extending to nearby municipalities. Convicts were tied to it for public ridicule.
\nThe Rua de Axesta and its continuation the Rua Real (Royal Lane) form an axis, parallel to the waterfront, running through the higher part of old Muros. With stone buildings either side, it transports us to olden times.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Where<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00faa de Axesta (Axesta Lane)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Also…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Continue your tour along the Rua Real (Royal Lane)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Praza de abastos<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n

Evolution of the fish pedlars<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Muros Market welcomes us with its double flight of steps. They have stone balustrades with mouldings, and balls on top.
\nInside, fresh produce from land and sea is sold. It is the antithesis of the past, when the women of Muros travelled the streets, and the paths inland, to sell fish fresh off the boats\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Where<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Praza do Mercado (Market Square)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Also…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Open every workday.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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A Vella (The Old Woman)<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n

Women of the sea<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At one end of the esplanade, A Vella has been sitting and watching the sea for some years. This sculpture by Ramon Conde is a tribute to those who have been lost at sea and also those, women especially, who awaited their return.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Where<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esplanade.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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This is a Heading Example<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n

Tide mill<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In such a maritime village, even agriculture made use of the sea. In this case, it used it for grinding grain. With increased cultivation of corn, the small river mills could not cope with the demand, so in the early 19th century the Mu\u00ed\u00f1o de Bazarra<\/strong>, (Bazarra\u2019s Mill) was built, named after its builder. Today it is better known as Mu\u00ed\u00f1o de Pozo do Cach\u00f3n<\/strong> (Waterfall Pool Mill). Owing to its size and state of preservation, it is one of the most important tidal mills in the Iberian Peninsula.
\nThe mill is driven by tidal rise and fall. Key to its operation is the dam, over 230m long. It fills with water at high tide and the dam is closed to prevent it flowing out. When the tide has gone out the sluices are opened, channelling the water to drive the millstones and grind the grain.
\nHere, above these \u2018moas\u2019 (molars or millstones) stands a long building which was used for storage, and even as a bathhouse, for treatment with seawater and seaweeds. Today it is a cultural center, open to the public.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Salting factories and canneries<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n

The industrialization of the Estuary of Muros and Noia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the Middle Ages the port of Muros was known for its fish production, especially the sardine, which could be widely exported thanks to salting. From the late 18th century, the wealth of the seas attracted many industrialists, who settled in Muros and around the bay. They brought a new approach to traditional practices. First the salting factories, then the canneries completely changed the economy of Muros and the lifestyles of the people of the sea. The great explosion of this new industry took place during the nineteenth century and lasted well into the next century. However, overexploitation had its drawbacks, and eventually led to the closure of many of the factories. Here are some whose ruins still delineate the coastal landscape.
\nSel Cannery: the Sel family, from Castro Urdiales, came to Muros in the late nineteenth century on their return from emigration to Argentina. They created a cannery which processed mainly sardines, but it survived until the 1970s thanks to shellfish. The building that housed the factory is visible, refurbished, by the road to Serres and Noia.
\nIn the opposite direction, going towards Carnota, the ruins of Joaquin Vieta\u2019s factory still stand, with a jetty. From the Sanctuary of the Virgin of the Way can be seen, across the inlet, the Three Gables, the remains of the Romani factory. And, one after another, throughout the town center and all along the coast, there are vestiges of that industrial past, some now just memories.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
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The small chapels<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n

Popular devotion<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Religious practice in Muros led to other small temples being built throughout the parish. They help us to understand the nuances of maritime devotion.
\nCapilla de las Nieves (Chapel of the Snows).<\/strong>
\nBuilt in the 18th century, beside the so-called Holy Spring on the hillside of As Neves, the chapel is unique because of its surroundings and its outstanding views. It is in fact a hermitage, to which a porch giving access has recently been added. The villagers traditionally go to the spring since it is believed to have miraculous powers.
\nChapel of San Roque.<\/strong>
\nThere is record of its existence from 1609, but its present appearance is baroque, in the style of the second half of the 18th century. It is composed of three distinct spaces: nave, sanctuary and sacristy. It hosted a brotherhood, whose chaplain was a canon of the Collegiate.
\nCapilla del Espiritu Santo (Chapel of the Holy Spirit).<\/strong>
\nAn old Gothic hermitage. The interior of the building is divided by arches which support a pointed barrel vault. The original small and primitive construction was enlarged in the 1920s using material from the ruined chapel of St Cross.\nDocuments from the 18th century allude to the presence of a hermit who \u2018sheltered\u2019 in an adjoining house and subsisted on a vegetable garden. Both house and garden belonged to the hermitage.
\nCapilla de San Marcos (St Mark\u2019s chapel).<\/strong>
\nSituated in the woods and recently refurbished, an annual pilgrimage picnic is once again celebrated here. According to an inscription over the doorway it dates from 1480, although the form is Romanesque, a barrel vault being the main structural element. On the exterior are corbels, representing scrolls, triangles or animals. Two decorative elements are of particular interest: representations of flattened faces in the shape of the moon.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u2018Cruceiros\u2019 (carved stone crosses)<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n

Marking the territory<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The role of the \u2018cruceiros\u2019 was to sanctify everyday spaces, in town centres, on paths, or in more remote locations. They have been common since the Gothic period and usually represent the Christ crucified on the front, the side facing towards the main path, and the Virgin Mary or a saint on the back.
\n\u2018Cruceiros\u2019 and other crosses in the parish of Muros:<\/strong>
\n– Cruceiro del Cementerio (Cemetery cross).
\n– Cruceiro de Santa Rosa (St Rose).
\n– Cruz de O Rumial.
\n– Cruceiro de la Virgen del Camino (the Virgin of the Way).
\n– Cruceiro de la Capilla de Santa Cruz (Chapel of St Cross).
\n– Cruceiro de la Capilla de la Nieves (Chapel of the Snows).
\n– Cruceiro de la Plaza del Cristo (Christ Square).
\n– Cruceiro de Santa Isabel.
\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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The old town centre of Muros<\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n

The seafaring soul<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The old town hugs the harbour. It is one of the best-preserved fishing villages on the Galician coast. From the harbour we see the long facade of galleries and arcades: the beach used to go right up to them. The Curro da Praza<\/strong> (Pound Square), overlooked by the Town Hall, is the meeting place, and a good starting point for getting to the higher areas. The traveller will have already spotted that, from the waterfront, narrow alleyways lead inside the town.
\nThe long lane called Axesta and then Real runs parallel to the waterfront, little squares, fountains and \u2018cruceiros\u2019 (stone crosses) emerging with every step; also churches and chapels, with the former Collegiate Church of St Mary in the Field overseeing the town.
\nOf the old castle which defended Muros from the Middle Ages to the French invasion, only some remains of the town wall can still be seen; more characteristic are the mariners\u2019 dwellings, looking out to sea, and the modernist buildings<\/strong>, testifying to Muros\u2019s growth through fishing-related industries.
\nThe old town centre of Muros has been a listed Historic Site<\/strong> since 1970.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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<\/p>\n","protected":false,"raw":"\n

Cultural heritage in the Muros town of water and salt tour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n
\n
\n\n\n

Parish church, formerly Collegiate<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the top of the town, in the 12th century, the church of Santa Maria del Campo was erected. In 1500, when Pope Alexander VI granted the parish of Muros the right to a Collegiate church, it was temporarily awarded to the church of San Pedro; but before long renovations to the church of Santa Maria began, in order to properly reflect the town\u2019s new status.
\nToday all that remains of the original Romanesque elements are the main entrance, some corbels and stone engravings. The nave and apse were rebuilt in Gothic style to suit the mariners\u2019 taste, the large pointed arches being notable elements. By 1500 the Rosary Chapel and the sacristy had already been added.
The conversion to Collegiate expanded the site. Throughout the 16th and 17th centuries the side chapels were opened out. In the 18th century some of these were enlarged, and communicating arches were created by way of lateral naves. It was also around then that the baptistry and bell tower were erected.
\nHidden away among the decorations are two telling engravings: stars formed by fish.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n

Where<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00faa Rosal\u00eda de Castro<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n

Also...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Collegiate Church is the starting point of the Muros, Town of Water and Salt guided tour of Muros<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"imagen9\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n
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Old parish church<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This site, now deconsecrated, is Muros\u2019s oldest recorded parish church. The chapel, which the visitor center now occupies, is what remains of the old church of San Pedro de Muros.Some reports suggest that the parish of San Pedro de Muros existed in the 10th century.
\nIn 1500, Pope Alexander VI granted it the status of Collegiate church, which would later pass to the church of Santa Maria del Campo (Saint Mary in the Field).
\nTo note:
\n\u2013 Inscriptions on the outside wall. They usually refer to individuals who participated in the construction of the chapel.
\n\u2013 Corbels, under the cornice. Very typical of the Romanesque style, they include three human heads and various geometric motifs.
\n\u2013 Ornaments on the facades, with a very worn lamb (Agnus Dei) on the western side and a cross on the eastern.
\n\u2013 Inscriptions inside, corresponding to tombstones.
\n\u2013 Baptismal font in the former vestry. Inside you can still read the inscription \u2018JESUS-FILIUS PATER CUR SPRITU SANTO. SIGLO XV\u2019.
\n\u2013 Vaulting in both spaces, the former chapel and the sacristy. They are ribbed vaults, supported by decorated capitals.
\n\u2013 Remains of the old nave, now a cemetery. Part of one of the walls can still be seen, with small chapel- tombs.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n

Where<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00faa do Hospital<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n

Also...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is the Interpretation Centre of Muros, Town of Water and Salt<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"imagen10\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n

Gothic Christ and votive offerings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This church is emblematic of maritime society and its religiosity.
\nFor one thing, it appears to have been linked from the beginning to a lepers\u2019 hospital<\/strong> and thus to charity. For another, it was central to maritime devotion: fishermen and sailors put their trust in Our Lady of the Way, evinced by a constant stream of votive offerings \u2013 offerings of gratitude for divine favour.
\nRecords exist, and remains can be seen, of an ancient Romanesque chapel. However, the existing sanctuary dates from the fifteenth century. It is marine Gothic in style. The nave, in four sections, is formed by three pointed arches that support a wooden roof and rest on buttresses. The main altar at the back of the church has ribbed vaulting.\nThe 14th-century Christ Crucified<\/strong> deserves special mention.
\nIt is a Gothic carving in the Tuscan style, unparalleled in the Peninsula (except for a similar image that was in the Collegiate church of Santa Maria del Campo in La Coruna, now located at La Rabida in Huelva). The original cross is gone and the figure suffered modifications during the Baroque period, such as the hair being cut off to be replaced by a wig, and repainting. During the Gothic period, the image of Christ was humanized: the representation of his suffering, his most human aspect, is emphasized. The somewhat restrained expression of pain through the symbols of the passion, the face and the body, are characteristic of the Tuscan school. Perhaps it is not, after all, surprising to find it in a town that had maritime contacts with Italy. This same church received, as a gift from Genoa, the marble baptismal font.
\nAlso characteristic of the sanctuary are its votive offerings<\/strong>, thanking the Virgin for interceding in times of danger, whether from a storm or a pirate attack, as shown in two pictures from the 18th century which narrate the events through text and illustration. Particularly striking is the model ship known as the Transit Frigate, donated probably in the 19th century for unknown reasons.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
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Where<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Virxe do Cami\u00f1o's place<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Also...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In mid-August, don\u2019t miss the Virxe do Camino celebrations<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\"imagen11\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n
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Mariners\u2019 devotion<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This chapel<\/strong> is a private endowment, built in 1767 at the expense of Jeronimo Duran, from Muros but resident in Chile, at that time a part of the Viceroyalty of the River Plate. It represents the end of the Galician Baroque period, by then coexisting with neoclassicism. On the facade, framed by a pair of pilasters, the portico and coat of arms stand out. Inside, note the sculptural altar setting, presided over by the Virgin of the Carmen (Mt Carmelo in Israel).
\nNearby has stood since medieval times the Old Tower or Tower of the Archbishopric, which symbolized the dominion of the Compostela mitre over the town of Muros\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
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Where<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00faa do Carme (Carmen Lane) and nearby streets<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Also...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Merits a special visit during the Carmen celebrations, around the 16th of July.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\"imagen12\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n
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The 'cruceiros' (stone crosses) marking out the countryside<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Where<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rua Axesta (Axesta Lane), coming into Muros from Noia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\"imagen13\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n
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Spirituality and solidarity<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The area around the chapel of San Xose, with its many steps, exemplifies the adaptation of the town centre\u2019s features to the terrain. The small chapel, privately owned, dates from the beginning of the 18th century, as does the cross that stands before it.
\nNearby is the Hospital of the Trinity, or Poor Hospital, which from medieval times up to the early 20th century tended the most needy \u2013 Muros inhabitants as well as travellers and pilgrims. It retains that spirit today, as a social centre.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
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Where<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rua San Xose (St Joseph\u2019s Lane) and surrounding area<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\"imagen14\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n
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The town\u2019s growth<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is mention of the street and neighborhood of Axesta from the 18th century, when the authorities encouraged house-building in the area. It was thus one of the growth areas of the city in modern times. Here was located the Justice Scroll, the column that symbolized Muros\u2019s jurisdiction, extending to nearby municipalities. Convicts were tied to it for public ridicule.
\nThe Rua de Axesta and its continuation the Rua Real (Royal Lane) form an axis, parallel to the waterfront, running through the higher part of old Muros. With stone buildings either side, it transports us to olden times.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Where<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00faa de Axesta (Axesta Lane)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Also...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Continue your tour along the Rua Real (Royal Lane)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\"imagen15\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n
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Evolution of the fish pedlars<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Muros Market welcomes us with its double flight of steps. They have stone balustrades with mouldings, and balls on top.
\nInside, fresh produce from land and sea is sold. It is the antithesis of the past, when the women of Muros travelled the streets, and the paths inland, to sell fish fresh off the boats\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
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Where<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Praza do Mercado (Market Square)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Also...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Open every workday.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\"imagen16\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n
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Women of the sea<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At one end of the esplanade, A Vella has been sitting and watching the sea for some years. This sculpture by Ramon Conde is a tribute to those who have been lost at sea and also those, women especially, who awaited their return.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Where<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esplanade.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\"imagen17\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n
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Tide mill<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In such a maritime village, even agriculture made use of the sea. In this case, it used it for grinding grain. With increased cultivation of corn, the small river mills could not cope with the demand, so in the early 19th century the Mu\u00ed\u00f1o de Bazarra<\/strong>, (Bazarra\u2019s Mill) was built, named after its builder. Today it is better known as Mu\u00ed\u00f1o de Pozo do Cach\u00f3n<\/strong> (Waterfall Pool Mill). Owing to its size and state of preservation, it is one of the most important tidal mills in the Iberian Peninsula.
\nThe mill is driven by tidal rise and fall. Key to its operation is the dam, over 230m long. It fills with water at high tide and the dam is closed to prevent it flowing out. When the tide has gone out the sluices are opened, channelling the water to drive the millstones and grind the grain.
\nHere, above these \u2018moas\u2019 (molars or millstones) stands a long building which was used for storage, and even as a bathhouse, for treatment with seawater and seaweeds. Today it is a cultural center, open to the public.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
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\"imagen18\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n
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The industrialization of the Estuary of Muros and Noia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the Middle Ages the port of Muros was known for its fish production, especially the sardine, which could be widely exported thanks to salting. From the late 18th century, the wealth of the seas attracted many industrialists, who settled in Muros and around the bay. They brought a new approach to traditional practices. First the salting factories, then the canneries completely changed the economy of Muros and the lifestyles of the people of the sea. The great explosion of this new industry took place during the nineteenth century and lasted well into the next century. However, overexploitation had its drawbacks, and eventually led to the closure of many of the factories. Here are some whose ruins still delineate the coastal landscape.
\nSel Cannery: the Sel family, from Castro Urdiales, came to Muros in the late nineteenth century on their return from emigration to Argentina. They created a cannery which processed mainly sardines, but it survived until the 1970s thanks to shellfish. The building that housed the factory is visible, refurbished, by the road to Serres and Noia.
\nIn the opposite direction, going towards Carnota, the ruins of Joaquin Vieta\u2019s factory still stand, with a jetty. From the Sanctuary of the Virgin of the Way can be seen, across the inlet, the Three Gables, the remains of the Romani factory. And, one after another, throughout the town center and all along the coast, there are vestiges of that industrial past, some now just memories.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
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\"imagen19\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n
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Popular devotion<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Religious practice in Muros led to other small temples being built throughout the parish. They help us to understand the nuances of maritime devotion.
\nCapilla de las Nieves (Chapel of the Snows).<\/strong>
\nBuilt in the 18th century, beside the so-called Holy Spring on the hillside of As Neves, the chapel is unique because of its surroundings and its outstanding views. It is in fact a hermitage, to which a porch giving access has recently been added. The villagers traditionally go to the spring since it is believed to have miraculous powers.
\nChapel of San Roque.<\/strong>
\nThere is record of its existence from 1609, but its present appearance is baroque, in the style of the second half of the 18th century. It is composed of three distinct spaces: nave, sanctuary and sacristy. It hosted a brotherhood, whose chaplain was a canon of the Collegiate.
\nCapilla del Espiritu Santo (Chapel of the Holy Spirit).<\/strong>
\nAn old Gothic hermitage. The interior of the building is divided by arches which support a pointed barrel vault. The original small and primitive construction was enlarged in the 1920s using material from the ruined chapel of St Cross.\nDocuments from the 18th century allude to the presence of a hermit who \u2018sheltered\u2019 in an adjoining house and subsisted on a vegetable garden. Both house and garden belonged to the hermitage.
\nCapilla de San Marcos (St Mark\u2019s chapel).<\/strong>
\nSituated in the woods and recently refurbished, an annual pilgrimage picnic is once again celebrated here. According to an inscription over the doorway it dates from 1480, although the form is Romanesque, a barrel vault being the main structural element. On the exterior are corbels, representing scrolls, triangles or animals. Two decorative elements are of particular interest: representations of flattened faces in the shape of the moon.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"imagen20\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n
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Marking the territory<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The role of the \u2018cruceiros\u2019 was to sanctify everyday spaces, in town centres, on paths, or in more remote locations. They have been common since the Gothic period and usually represent the Christ crucified on the front, the side facing towards the main path, and the Virgin Mary or a saint on the back.
\n\u2018Cruceiros\u2019 and other crosses in the parish of Muros:<\/strong>
\n- Cruceiro del Cementerio (Cemetery cross).
\n- Cruceiro de Santa Rosa (St Rose).
\n- Cruz de O Rumial.
\n- Cruceiro de la Virgen del Camino (the Virgin of the Way).
\n- Cruceiro de la Capilla de Santa Cruz (Chapel of St Cross).
\n- Cruceiro de la Capilla de la Nieves (Chapel of the Snows).
\n- Cruceiro de la Plaza del Cristo (Christ Square).
\n- Cruceiro de Santa Isabel.
\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"imagen21\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n
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The seafaring soul<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The old town hugs the harbour. It is one of the best-preserved fishing villages on the Galician coast. From the harbour we see the long facade of galleries and arcades: the beach used to go right up to them. The Curro da Praza<\/strong> (Pound Square), overlooked by the Town Hall, is the meeting place, and a good starting point for getting to the higher areas. The traveller will have already spotted that, from the waterfront, narrow alleyways lead inside the town.
\nThe long lane called Axesta and then Real runs parallel to the waterfront, little squares, fountains and \u2018cruceiros\u2019 (stone crosses) emerging with every step; also churches and chapels, with the former Collegiate Church of St Mary in the Field overseeing the town.
\nOf the old castle which defended Muros from the Middle Ages to the French invasion, only some remains of the town wall can still be seen; more characteristic are the mariners\u2019 dwellings, looking out to sea, and the modernist buildings<\/strong>, testifying to Muros\u2019s growth through fishing-related industries.
\nThe old town centre of Muros has been a listed Historic Site<\/strong> since 1970.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
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\"imagen22\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n"},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false,"raw":""},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_es_post_content":"\n

Patrimonio Cultural en la ruta Muros, Vila de Auga e Sal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

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Iglesia Parroquial y antigua Colegiata<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En lo alto de la villa se erig\u00eda, en el siglo XIII, la iglesia de Santa Mar\u00eda del Campo. Cuando en 1500 el Papa Alejandro VI concede a la parroquia de Muros el derecho a una Colegiata, \u00e9sta se sit\u00faa provisionalmente en la iglesia de San Pedro. Pero pronto se comienza a reformar la de Santa Mar\u00eda para adecuarla a la nueva dignidad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hoy de los elementos rom\u00e1nicos originales apenas quedan la portada principal, algunos modillones y signos lapidarios. La nave principal y el \u00e1bside fueron reconstruidos al gusto g\u00f3tico marinero, con los grandes arcos apuntados como elementos m\u00e1s destacados. Hacia 1500 contaba ya con la capilla del Rosario y la sacrist\u00eda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conversi\u00f3n en Colegiata la hizo crecer. A lo largo de los siglos XVI y XVII fueron abri\u00e9ndose las capillas laterales. En el XVIII se ampl\u00edan algunas de ellas y se abren arcos que las comunican, a modo de naves laterales. Tambi\u00e9n por esa \u00e9poca se erigen el baptisterio y el campanario.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En su decoraci\u00f3n se esconden dos grabados muy significativos: estrellas formadas por peces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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D\u00f3nde<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00faa Rosal\u00eda de Castro<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Adem\u00e1s<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Colegiata es el punto de inicio de la Visita Guiada Muros, Vila de Auga e Sal<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\"imagen9\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n
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Antigua iglesia parroquial<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Este espacio, hoy desacralizado, fue la iglesia parroquial de Muros m\u00e1s antigua de la que se tiene constancia.
La sacrist\u00eda y capilla mayor, ocupadas hoy por  el Centro de Interpretaci\u00f3n Vila de Auga e Sal<\/strong>, son lo que nos queda de la antigua iglesia de San Pedro de Muros, primera parroquia de la poblaci\u00f3n.
Algunas noticias sugieren que la parroquia de San Pedro de Muros exist\u00eda en el siglo X.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En el a\u00f1o 1500, el papa Alejandro VI le confiere el rango de Colegiata, que pasar\u00eda luego al templo de Santa Mar\u00eda del Campo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Observa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Inscripciones en el muro exterior. Suelen referirse a las personas que participaron en la construcci\u00f3n de la capilla.
\u2013 Canecillos bajo la cornisa. Muy propios del rom\u00e1nico, que incluyen tres cabezas humanas y otros motivos geom\u00e9tricos.
\u2013 Remate de las fachadas, con un cordero (Agnus Dei) muy desgastado al oeste y una cruz al este.
\u2013 Inscripciones en el interior, correspondientes a l\u00e1pidas sepulcrales.
\u2013 Pila bautismal en la antigua sacrist\u00eda. En su interior a\u00fan puede leerse la inscripci\u00f3n \u2018JESUS-FILIUS PATER CUM SPRITU SANTO\u2019.
\u2013 B\u00f3vedas de crucer\u00eda apoyadas en capiteles decorados en las dos estancias, antiguamente capilla mayor y sacrist\u00eda.
-Resto de la antigua nave en el cementerio parroquial anexo ya clausurado. Se conserva parte de uno de los muros con peque\u00f1as capillas-sepulcro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adosada, se encuentra la Capilla de las Angustias<\/strong>, que tambi\u00e9n estaba integrada en la antigua iglesia parroquial. Fundada en 1657, fue construida al gusto barroco.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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D\u00f3nde<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00faa do Hospital<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Adem\u00e1s<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es el centro de Interpretaci\u00f3n de Muros, Vila de Auga e Sal<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\"imagen10\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n
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El Cristo g\u00f3tico y los exvotos<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es todo un s\u00edmbolo de la sociedad marinera y su religiosidad.
Por una parte, aparece vinculado desde sus primeras noticias a un hospital de \u2018lazerados\u2019<\/strong> (leprosos), signo, por tanto de la caridad. Por otra parte, ser\u00e1 centro de la devoci\u00f3n marinera; a Nuestra Se\u00f1ora del Camino se encomiendan los pescadores y navegantes dando lugar a la constante entrega de exvotos, ofrenda en agradecimiento a un favor divino.
Se tienen noticias y se conservan restos de una antigua ermita rom\u00e1nica. Sin embargo, el santuario actual data del siglo XV. Es de estilo g\u00f3tico marinero. La nave, de cuatro tramos, est\u00e1 formada por tres arcos apuntados que soportan cubierta de madera y descansan sobre contrafuertes. Al fondo, el altar mayor tiene b\u00f3veda de crucer\u00eda nervada.
Menci\u00f3n especial merece el Cristo Crucificado<\/strong>, del siglo XIV.
Se trata de una talla g\u00f3tica de estilo toscano sin parang\u00f3n en la Pen\u00ednsula, salvo una imagen similar que estuvo en la colegiata de Santa Mar\u00eda del Campo de A Coru\u00f1a y hoy ubicada en La R\u00e1bida, Huelva. No conservamos la cruz original y la figura sufri\u00f3 modificaciones en la \u00e9poca barroca. La forma de expresar el dolor a trav\u00e9s de los s\u00edmbolos de la pasi\u00f3n, el rostro y el cuerpo, con cierta contenci\u00f3n, remiten a la escuela toscana. No es, en todo caso, muy extra\u00f1o en una poblaci\u00f3n que manten\u00eda contactos mar\u00edtimos con Italia. La misma iglesia recibi\u00f3 como ofrenda la pila bautismal de m\u00e1rmol, procedente de G\u00e9nova.
Caracter\u00edsticos del santuario son tambi\u00e9n sus exvotos,<\/strong> que agradecen la intercesi\u00f3n de la Virgen ante los peligros, desde una tempestad a un ataque pirata, como ocurre en sendos cuadros del siglo XVIII, que ilustran y narran en texto los hechos. Llama la atenci\u00f3n la maqueta conocida como Fragata del Tr\u00e1nsito, ofrecida probablemente en el siglo XIX y de la que no se conoce el motivo de la ofrenda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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D\u00f3nde<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lugar de A Virxe do Cami\u00f1o<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Adem\u00e1s<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre el 5 y 11 de agosto no te pierdas las Fiestas de la Virxe do Cami\u00f1o<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\"imagen11\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n
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Devoci\u00f3n marinera<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La capilla<\/strong> es una fundaci\u00f3n privada del siglo XVIII, realizada a expensas de Jer\u00f3nimo Dur\u00e1n, muradano residente en Chile, por aquel entonces parte del Virreinato del R\u00edo de la Plata.
Representa el barroco final gallego. Representa un barroco final, ya en convivencia con el neoclasicismo. En su fachada, enmarcada por dos pilastras, destacan la portada y el escudo de armas. En su interior, es importante el conjunto escult\u00f3rico del altar, presidido por la Virgen del Carmen.
En este barrio se erig\u00eda, desde tiempos medievales, la Torre Vieja o Torre del Arzobispado, que simbolizaba el se\u00f1or\u00eda de la Mitra compostelana sobre la villa de Muros.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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D\u00f3nde<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00faa do Carme y calles pr\u00f3ximas<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Adem\u00e1s<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Merece una visita especial en las fiestas del Carmen, en torno al 16 de julio<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\"imagen12\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n
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Los cruceiros marcando el territorio<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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D\u00f3nde<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00faa Axesta, a la entrada de Muros desde Noia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Espiritualidad y solidaridad<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El entorno de la capilla de San Xos\u00e9 con sus escalinatas resume la adaptaci\u00f3n de la fisonom\u00eda del casco urbano al terreno. La peque\u00f1a capilla, de titularidad  privada, es de principios del s. XVIII, como el crucero que se alza al frente.
Cerca se encuentra el Hospital de la Trinidad u Hospital de Pobres, que antendi\u00f3 desde tiempos medievales hasta entrado el siglo XX a los m\u00e1s necesitados, tanto de Muros como de viajeros y peregrinos. Hoy sigue en pie como centro social, manteniendo aquel esp\u00edritu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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D\u00f3nde<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00faa San Xos\u00e9 y alrededores<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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El crecimiento de la villa<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La calle y barrio de Axesta aparece mencionada desde el siglo XVIII, cuando las autoridades fomentan la construcci\u00f3n de casas en esta zona. Fue, pues, una de las zonas de expansi\u00f3n y crecimiento de la ciudad en tiempos modernos. En ella  estuvo situado el Rollo<\/strong> de justicia, la columna que simbolizaba la jurisdicci\u00f3n de Muros, que se extend\u00eda a los ayuntamientos cercanos. A \u00e9l se ataban los condenados para escarnio p\u00fablico.
Las \u2018r\u00faas\u2019 Axesta y Real forman un eje que, paralelo al mar, cruza la parte alta de Muros. El recorrido entre construcciones de piedra nos transporta a otros tiempos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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D\u00f3nde<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00faa de Axesta<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Adem\u00e1s<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contin\u00faa tu visita por la R\u00faa Real<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Reconversi\u00f3n de la venta ambulante de \u2019peixe\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El Mercado de Muros nos recibe con su escalinata monumental, con una balaustrada de canter\u00eda con molduras y coronada por bolas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En el interior se venden los productos frescos de la tierra y del mar. Es la ant\u00edtesis de otros tiempos, cuando las mujeres de Muros recorr\u00edan las calles y caminos hacia el interior para vender el pescado fresco, reci\u00e9n descargado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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D\u00f3nde<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Praza do Mercado<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Adem\u00e1s<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abierto todos los d\u00edas laborables.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Las mujeres del mar<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En un extremo del paseo mar\u00edtimo A Vella<\/strong> permanece sentada y mirando al mar desde hace a\u00f1os. Esta escultura de Ram\u00f3n Conde es un homenaje a quienes se han perdido en el mar y tambi\u00e9n a quienes, mujeres sobre todo, los siguieron esperando.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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D\u00f3nde<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Paseo mar\u00edtimo.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Molino de Mareas<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En una villa tan marinera incluso la agricultura se aprovecha del mar. En este caso lo hace para moler el grano. Y es que la expansi\u00f3n del ma\u00edz hizo que los peque\u00f1os molinos de r\u00edo no fuesen suficientes, y a principios del siglo XIX se construy\u00f3 el llamado Mu\u00ed\u00f1o de Bazarra<\/strong>, por el nombre de su constructor, hoy m\u00e1s conocido como Mu\u00ed\u00f1o de Pozo do Cach\u00f3n<\/strong>. Se trata, por su tama\u00f1o y estado de conservaci\u00f3n, de uno de los m\u00e1s importantes de la Pen\u00ednsula.
Su funcionamiento aprovecha el movimiento de las mareas.
La clave est\u00e1 en el dique de m\u00e1s de 230 m. Durante la pleamar acumula el agua y se cierra el dique para evitar su salida. Cuando el nivel de las aguas ha bajado se abren las compuertas, de modo que el agua retenida sale accionando la \u2018moas\u2019, triturando el grano.
En el Pozo do Cach\u00f3n, sobre estas \u2018moas\u2019 se alza una planta que sirvi\u00f3 como almac\u00e9n e, incluso, como casa de ba\u00f1os para tratamientos con agua marina y algas. Hoy es un centro cultural abierto al p\u00fablico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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La industrializaci\u00f3n de la R\u00eda de Muros y Noia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Desde la Edad Media el puerto de Muros destaca por su producci\u00f3n pesquera, en particular de la sardina, que era exportada a lugares lejanos gracias a la salaz\u00f3n. Desde finales del XVIII la riqueza de estos mares hace que se asienten en Muros, y en el resto de la R\u00eda, numerosos industriales que le dan un nuevo enfoque a esta tradici\u00f3n. Las f\u00e1bricas de salaz\u00f3n<\/strong> primero y conserveras<\/strong> despu\u00e9s, cambian por completo la econom\u00eda de Muros y los modos de vida de las gentes del mar.
La gran explosi\u00f3n de esta nueva industria tuvo lugar durante el siglo XIX y se prolong\u00f3 hasta entrada la centuria siguiente. Sin embargo, la sobreexplotaci\u00f3n tuvo su reverso y acab\u00f3 por abocar al cierre a buena parte de las f\u00e1bricas. Indicamos algunas cuyos restos a\u00fan dibujan el paisaje costero.
La familia Sel de Castro Urdiales lleg\u00f3 a Muros a finales del siglo XIX, previo paso por la emigraci\u00f3n en Argentina. Aqu\u00ed crearon una f\u00e1brica de conservas fundamentalmente de la sardina, pero que sobrevivi\u00f3 hasta la d\u00e9cada de 1970 gracias al marisco. El edificio que alberg\u00f3 la  f\u00e1brica Sel<\/strong> est\u00e1 visible, rehabilitado, en la salida de Muros hacia Serres y Noia.
En la salida de Muros hacia Carnota, se conservan las ruinas de la f\u00e1brica de Joaqu\u00edn Vieta<\/strong>, con su embarcadero. Desde el Santuario de la Virxe do Cami\u00f1o se divisan, al otro lado de la ensenada, los Tres Picos, restos de la f\u00e1brica Roman\u00ed<\/strong>. Y, uno tras otro, a lo largo  de todo el n\u00facleo urbano y la costa se van sucediendo los vestigios, a veces ya solo recuerdos, de aquel pasado industrial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Devoci\u00f3n popular<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La devoci\u00f3n en Muros dio lugar a otros peque\u00f1os templos que se diseminan por la parroquia. Todos ellos ayudan a comprender los matices de la devoci\u00f3n marinera.
Capilla de As Neves.<\/strong>
Fue erigida en el siglo XVIII, quiz\u00e1s con alguna reforma posterior, junto a la denominada Fuente Santa. Consta de dos cuerpos adaptados al terreno escarpado, y cuenta con un p\u00f3rtico en su acceso que se realiza por el lateral.
Tradicionalmente los vecinos acud\u00edan a la fuente a curar sus enfermedades el d\u00eda de San Juan.
Capilla de San Roque.<\/strong>
Tenemos noticias de ella ya en 1609; sin embargo, su aspecto actual responde a un estilo barroco de la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII. Se distinguen tres vol\u00famenes: nave principal, cabecera y sacrist\u00eda. Fue sede de una cofrad\u00eda cuyo capell\u00e1n era can\u00f3nigo de la Colegiata.
Capilla del Esp\u00edrito Santo.<\/strong>
Una antigua iglesia de estilo g\u00f3tico. Al exterior consta de un volumen \u00fanico; en el interior la nave se divide mediante arcos que soportan una b\u00f3veda de ca\u00f1\u00f3n apuntada. En el siglo XVIII se documenta la presencia de un ermita\u00f1o que se \u2018recoge\u2019 en una casa contigua y subsiste gracias a una huerta; ambas, casa y huerta, pertenecientes a la ermita.
Capilla de San Marcos.<\/strong>
Situada en el monte sigue siendo sede de una romer\u00eda. Seg\u00fan indica una inscripci\u00f3n sobre la puerta se data en 1480, aunque las formas son rom\u00e1nicas, con una b\u00f3veda de ca\u00f1\u00f3n como principal elemento estructural. Al exterior conserva los canecillos, representando rollos, tri\u00e1ngulos o animales. Como elementos decorativos singulares hay dos representaciones de sendas caras aplastadas en forma de Luna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Marcando el territorio<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los \u2018cruceiros\u2019 contribuyen a sacralizar los espacios cotidianos, tanto en los n\u00facleos poblados como en los caminos o en lugares m\u00e1s alejados. Se hacen comunes desde la \u00e9poca g\u00f3tica y suelen representar al Crucificado en el anverso y a la Virgen en el reverso. Estos son los m\u00e1s destacados en Muros.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018Cruceiros\u2019 y cruces en las parroquias de Muros.<\/strong>
PARROQUIA DE MUROS
-Cruceiro del Cementerio.
-Cruceiro de Santa Rosa.
-Cruz de O Rumial.
-Cruceiro de la Virgen del Camino.
-Cruceiro de la Capilla de Santa Cruz.
-Cruceiro de la Capilla de la Nieves.
-Cruceiro de la Plaza del Cristo.
-Cruceiro de Santa Isabel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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El alma marinera<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El casco hist\u00f3rico de Muros abraza el puerto. Es una de las villas marineras mejor conservadas del litoral gallego. A la llegada se nos muestra su fachada de galer\u00edas y soportales, antiguamente situados sobre la playa. El Curro da Praza<\/strong> es el lugar de encuentro y un buen punto para adentrarse en las zonas m\u00e1s altas, aunque el viajero ya ha visto que desde la fachada mar\u00edtima parten estrechas callejuelas hacia el interior.
Las calles Axesta y Real<\/strong> transcurren paralelas al puerto; plazuelas, fuentes y \u2018cruceiros\u2019 van surgiendo a cada paso; tambi\u00e9n las iglesias y capillas, con la antigua Colegiata de Santa Mar\u00eda do Campo se\u00f1oreando la villa.
Del antiguo Castillo, que defendi\u00f3 Muros desde la Edad Media hasta la invasi\u00f3n francesa, quedan restos de la muralla. Pero lo m\u00e1s caracter\u00edstico son las viviendas marineras, que miran al mar, y las construcciones modernistas<\/strong>, que testifican el crecimiento de muros al amparo de las industrias ligadas a la pesca.
El Casco Hist\u00f3rico de Muros es Conjunto Hist\u00f3rico Art\u00edstico<\/strong> desde 1970.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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<\/p>\n","_es_post_name":"patrimonio","_es_post_excerpt":"","_es_post_title":"patrimonio","_gl_post_content":"\n

Patrimonio Cultural na ruta Muros, Vila de Auga e Sal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

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Igrexa parroquial e antiga Colexiata<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No alto da vila ergu\u00edase, no s.XII-XIII, a antiga igrexa de Santa Mar\u00eda do Campo cando, no ano 1.500, o papa Alexandre VI lle concede \u00e1 parroquia de Muros o dereito a unha colexiata. Esta sit\u00faase provisionalmente na igrexa de San Pedro. De contado com\u00e9zase a reformar a Santa Mar\u00eda para axeitala \u00e1 nova dignidade.
Hoxe, dos elementos rom\u00e1nicos orixinais, quedan a portada principal, alg\u00fans modill\u00f3ns e signos lapidarios. A nave principal e o \u00e1bside foron reconstru\u00eddos ao gusto g\u00f3tico mari\u00f1eiro, cos grandes arcos apuntados como elementos m\u00e1is destacados. Cara ao 1500, contaba xa coa capela de San Bernardo e a sacrist\u00eda.
A conversi\u00f3n en Colexiata f\u00edxoa medrar. Ao longo dos s\u00e9culos XVI e XVII f\u00f3ronse abrindo as capelas laterais. Tam\u00e9n se erguen nesa \u00e9poca o baptisterio e o campanario. No medio da s\u00faa decoraci\u00f3n, ag\u00f3chanse dous grabados moi significativos de estrelas formadas por peixes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Onde<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00faa Rosal\u00eda de Castro<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Ademais<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A colexiata \u00e9 o punto de inicio da Visita Guiada Muros, Vila de Auga e Sal<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Antiga igrexa parroquial<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O presbiterio e a sacrist\u00eda ocupados agora polo centro de visitantes, \u00e9 o que se conserva desta construcci\u00f3n hoxe desacralizada, e que foi a m\u00e1is antiga igrexa parroquial de Muros da que se ten conta.
Algunhas novas suxiren que a parroquia de San Pedro de Muros exist\u00eda xa no s.X, a\u00ednda que a construci\u00f3n conservada responde na s\u00faa meirande parte ao estilo g\u00f3tico.
No ano 1500, o papa Alexandre VI out\u00f3rgalle o rango de Colexiata, que pasar\u00eda logo ao templo de Santa Mar\u00eda del Campo.
Observa
-Inscripci\u00f3ns no muro de fora. Adoitan referirse \u00e1s persoas que paticiparon na costruci\u00f3n da capela.
-Modill\u00f3ns embaixo da cornixa. Moi propios do rom\u00e1nico, que incl\u00faen tres cabezas hum\u00e1ns e outros motivos xeom\u00e9tricos.
-Remate das fachadas cun cordeiro (Agnus Dei) moi desgastado ao Oeste e unha cruz ao Leste.
-Inscripci\u00f3ns no interior, pertencentes a l\u00e1pidas sepulcrais.
-Pila bautismal na antiga sacrist\u00eda. Dentro dela a\u00ednda se pode ler a inscripci\u00f3n \u201cJESUS-FILLIUS PATER CUR SPRITU SANTO, SIGLO XV\u201d.
-B\u00f3vedas de crucer\u00eda nas d\u00faas pezas, antiguamente capela maior e sacrist\u00eda. B\u00f3vedas apoiadas en capiteis decorados.
-Restos da antiga nave no cemiterio. Conserva parte dos muros, un deles con peque\u00f1as capelas- sepulcro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adosada, at\u00f3pase a Capela das Angustias<\/strong>, que tam\u00e9n estaba integrada na antiga igrexa parroquial. Fundada en 1657, foi construida ao gusto barroco.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Onde<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00faa do Hospital<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Ademais<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c9 o centro de Interpretaci\u00f3n de Muros, Vila de Auga e Sal<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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O Cristo g\u00f3tico e os exvotos<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Todo un s\u00edmbolo da sociedade mari\u00f1eira e a s\u00faa relixiosidade. Por unha banda, aparece vencellado desde as primeiras informaci\u00f3ns a un hospital de \u201clazarados\u201d(leprosos) sinal, polo tanto, da caridade. Por outra banda, ha ser centro da devoci\u00f3n mari\u00f1eira; \u00e1 Nosa Se\u00f1ora do Cami\u00f1o encom\u00e9ndanse os pescadores e navegantes, dando lugar \u00e1 continuada entrega de exvotos, oferta en agradecemento a un favor divino.
T\u00e9\u00f1ense novas, e cons\u00e9rvanse restos dunha antiga ermida rom\u00e1nica. Pero o templo que vemos hoxe data do s\u00e9culo XVI. Pertence ao estilo g\u00f3tico mari\u00f1eiro. A nave, de catro tramos, est\u00e1 formada por tres arcos apuntados que soportan a cuberta de madeira e descansan sobre contrafortes. Ao fondo, o altar maior ten b\u00f3veda de crucer\u00eda nervada.
Menci\u00f3n especial merece o Cristo crucificado do s\u00e9culo XIV. Tr\u00e1tase dunha talla g\u00f3tica de estilo toscano sen parang\u00f3n na Pen\u00ednsula, a excepci\u00f3n dunha imaxe similar que estivo na colexiata de Santa Mar\u00eda do Campo de A Coru\u00f1a e hoxe ubicada no monasterio da R\u00e1bida en Huelva. Non conservamos a cruz orixinal e a talla sufreu modificaci\u00f3ns na \u00e9poca barroca. O xeito de amosar a dor a trav\u00e9s dos s\u00edmbolos da paix\u00f3n, a faciana e o corpo, con certa contenci\u00f3n, remiten \u00e1 escola toscana. De todos os xeitos, isto non \u00e9 moi raro nunha poboaci\u00f3n que manti\u00f1a contactos mar\u00edtimos con Italia. A mesma igrexa recibiu como oferta a pila bautismal, de m\u00e1rmore, procedente de `Genova\u00b4.
Son caracter\u00edsticos do santuario tam\u00e9n os seus exvotos, que agradecen a proteci\u00f3n da Virxe ante os perigos, desde unha tempestade a un ataque pirata, como ocorre en sendos cadros do s\u00e9culo XVIII, que ilustran e contan os feitos no texto. Chama a atenci\u00f3n a maqueta co\u00f1ecida como a Fragata do Tr\u00e1nsito, ofertada posiblemente no s\u00e9culo XIX e da que non se co\u00f1ece o motivo da oferta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Onde<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lugar de A Virxe do Cami\u00f1o<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Ademais<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre o 5 e 11 de agosto non te perdas as Festas da Virxe do Cami\u00f1o<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Devoci\u00f3n mari\u00f1eira<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A capela<\/strong> \u00e9 unha fundaci\u00f3n privada, constru\u00edda no ano 1767 a expensas de Jer\u00f3nimo Dur\u00e1n, murad\u00e1n residente en Chile, parte do virreinato do R\u00edo da Prata naquel ent\u00f3n. Representa o barroco final, xa convivindo co estilo neocl\u00e1sico. Na s\u00faa fachada, enmarcada por d\u00faas pilastras, destacan a portada e o escudo de armas. No seu interior \u00e9 importante o conxunto escult\u00f3rico do altar, presidido pola Virxe do Carme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No mesmo barrio ergu\u00edase, desde tempos medievais, a Torre Vella ou Torre do Arcebispo,s\u00edmbolo do se\u00f1or\u00edo da Mitra compostel\u00e1 na vila de Muros.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Onde<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00faa do Carme y calles pr\u00f3ximas<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Ademais<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Merece unha visita especial nas festas do Carme, ao redor do 16 de xullo<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Os cruceiros marcando o territorio<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Onde<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00faa Axesta, a entrada de Muros dende Noia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Espiritualidade y solidaridade<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O entorno da capela de San Xos\u00e9, coas s\u00faas escaleiras, resume a adaptaci\u00f3n do casco urb\u00e1n ao terreo. A pequena capela, de titularidade privada, \u00e9 de primeiros do s\u00e9culo XVIII, como o cruceiro que se ergue en frente.
Preto dela at\u00f3pase o Hospital da Trindade ou hospital de Pobres, que atendeu, desde tempos medievais ata entrado o s\u00e9culo XX, aos m\u00e1is necesitados, tanto de Muros como a viaxeiros e pelegr\u00edns. Hoxe segue en p\u00e9 como centro social, mantendo aquel esp\u00edrito.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Onde<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00faa San Xos\u00e9 e arredores<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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O crecemento da vila<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A r\u00faa e o barrio da Axesta, aparece nomeado desde o s\u00e9culo XVIII, cando as autoridades fomentan a construci\u00f3n de casas nesta zona. Foi, pois, unha das zonas de expansi\u00f3n e medra da cidade en tempos modernos. Nela estivo situado o rolo de xustiza, a columna que simbolizaba a xurisdici\u00f3n de Muros, que chegaba aos concellos pr\u00f3ximos. A el at\u00e1banse os condenados para escarnio p\u00fablico. As r\u00faas Axesta e Real compo\u00f1en un eixe que, paralelo ao mar, atravesan a parte alta de Muros. O percorrido, no medio de construci\u00f3ns de pedra , transp\u00f3rtanos a outros tempos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Onde<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00faa de Axesta<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Ademais<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contin\u00faa a t\u00faa visita pola R\u00faa Real<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\"imagen15\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n
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Reconversi\u00f3n da venda ambulante de \u2019peixe\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O Mercado de Muros rec\u00edbenos cunha escalinata monumental, cunha balaustrada de canteir\u00eda con molduras e coroada por bolas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dentro v\u00e9ndense productos frescos da terra e o mar. \u00c9 a ant\u00edtese doutros tempos, cando as mulleres de Muros percorr\u00edan rueiros e cami\u00f1os, na procura da venda de peixe fresco, rec\u00e9n descargado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Onde<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Praza do Mercado<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Ademais<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aberto todos os d\u00edas laborais.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\"imagen16\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n
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As mulleres do mar<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nun extremo do paseo mar\u00edtimo, A Vella permanece sentada e mirando ao mar desde fai anos. Esta escultura de Ram\u00f3n Conde \u00e9 unha homenaxe a quen se perdeu no mar e tam\u00e9n a quen, mulleres sobre todo, os seguiron esperando.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Onde<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Paseo mar\u00edtimo.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Mu\u00ed\u00f1o de Mareas<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nunha vila tan mari\u00f1eira, incluso a agricultura se aproveita do mar. Neste caso, faino para moer o gran. \u00c9 que, a expansi\u00f3n do millo, fixo que os pequenos mu\u00ed\u00f1os de r\u00edo non fosen suficientes e, a principios do s\u00e9culo XIX contru\u00eduse o chamado Mu\u00ed\u00f1o de Bazarra<\/strong>, polo nome do seu constructor, hoxe m\u00e1is co\u00f1ecido como Mu\u00ed\u00f1o de Pozo do Cach\u00f3n<\/strong>. Tr\u00e1tase, polo seu tama\u00f1o e estado de conservaci\u00f3n, dun dos m\u00e1is importantes da Pen\u00ednsula.
O seu funcionamento aproveita o movemento das mareas.
A clave est\u00e1 no dique, de m\u00e1is de 230 m. Durante a preamar acumula a auga e p\u00e9chase o dique para evitar a s\u00faa sa\u00edda. Cuando o nivel das augas baixa, \u00e1brense as comportas, de modo que a auga retida sae accionando a \u2018moa\u2019, triturando o gran.
No Pozo do Cach\u00f3n, sobre estas \u2018moas\u2019 \u00e9rguese un andar que serviu como almac\u00e9n e incluso, como casa de ba\u00f1os, para tratamentos con auga marina e algas. Hox\u00e9 \u00e9 un centro cultural aberto ao p\u00fablico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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A industrializaci\u00f3n da R\u00eda de Muros e Noia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dende finais do XVIII, a riqueza destos mares fai que se asenten en Muros, e no resto da R\u00eda, numerosos industriais que lle dan un novo enfoque a esta tradici\u00f3n. As f\u00e1bricas de salaz\u00f3n<\/strong> primeiro e conserveiras<\/strong> despois, cambian por completo a econom\u00eda de Muros e os modos de vida das xentes do mar.
A gran explosi\u00f3n desta nova industria tivo lugar durante o s\u00e9culo XIX e prolongouse ata entrada a centuria seguinte. E con todo, a sobreexplotaci\u00f3n tivo o seu reverso, e acabou por abocar ao peche a gran parte das f\u00e1bricas. Indicamos algunhas cuxos restos a\u00ednda debuxan a paisaxe costeira:
A familia Sel, de Castro Urdiales, chegou a Muros a finais do s\u00e9culo XIX, previo paso pola emigraci\u00f3n en Arxentina. Aqu\u00ed crearon unha f\u00e1brica de conservas, fundamentalmente de sardi\u00f1a, pero que sobreviveu ata a d\u00e9cada de 1970 gracias ao marisco. O edificio que albergou a  f\u00e1brica Sel<\/strong> est\u00e1 visible, rehabilitado, na sa\u00edda de Muros cara Serres e Noia.
Na sa\u00edda de Muros cara Carnota, cons\u00e9rvanse as ru\u00ednas da f\u00e1brica de Joaqu\u00edn Vieta<\/strong>, co seu embarcadoiro. Desde o Santuario da Virxe do Cami\u00f1o, div\u00edsanse, ao outro lado da ensenada, os Tres Picos, restos da f\u00e1brica Roman\u00ed<\/strong>. E, un tras outro, ao longo de todo o n\u00facleo urbano e a costa, vense sucedendo os vestixios, a veces xa s\u00f3 recordos, daquel pasado industrial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Devoci\u00f3n popular<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A devoci\u00f3n en Muros deu lugar a outras pequenas capelas esparexidas pola parroquia. Todas elas axudan a comprender os matices da devoci\u00f3n mari\u00f1eira.\nCapela das Neves.\nFoi erixida no s\u00e9culo XVIII, quizais con algunhas modificaci\u00f3ns posteriores, xunto \u00e1 chamada Fonte Santa. Consta de d\u00faas secci\u00f3ns adaptadas ao terreo escarpado e ten un p\u00f3rtico na s\u00faa entrada lateral.\nTradicionalmente, os veci\u00f1os acud\u00edan \u00e1 fonte para buscar cura para as s\u00faas enfermidades o d\u00eda de San Xo\u00e1n.\nCapela de San Roque.\nTemos constancia dela xa en 1609; non obstante, o seu aspecto actual reflicte un estilo barroco da segunda metade do s\u00e9culo XVIII. Dist\u00ednguense tres secci\u00f3ns: nave, \u00e1bsida e sancrist\u00eda. Foi a sede dunha confrar\u00eda cuxo capel\u00e1n era c\u00f3engo da Colexiata.\nCapela do Esp\u00edrito Santo.\nUnha antiga igrexa de estilo g\u00f3tico. Exteriormente, consta dun s\u00f3 tramo; no interior, a nave est\u00e1 dividida por arcos que soste\u00f1en unha b\u00f3veda de can\u00f3n apuntada. No s\u00e9culo XVIII, est\u00e1 documentada a presenza dun eremita; este refuxiouse nunha casa adxacente e viv\u00eda dunha horta. Tanto a casa como a horta pertenc\u00edan \u00e1 ermida.\nCapela de San Marcos.\nSituada no outeiro, contin\u00faa a ser lugar de peregrinaci\u00f3n. Segundo unha inscrici\u00f3n sobre a porta, data de 1480, a\u00ednda que o seu estilo \u00e9 rom\u00e1nico, cunha b\u00f3veda de can\u00f3n como principal elemento estrutural. O exterior conserva as s\u00faas m\u00e9nsulas, que representan volutas, tri\u00e1ngulos e animais. Entre os elementos decorativos singulares at\u00f3panse d\u00faas representaci\u00f3ns de rostros aplanados en forma de l\u00faa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Marcando o territorio<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Os cruceiros contrib\u00faen a sacralizar os espazos coti\u00e1s, tanto nos poboados como nos cami\u00f1os ou emprazamentos m\u00e1is alonxados. Fanse com\u00fans desde a \u00e9poca g\u00f3tica e adoitan representar a Cristo crucificado na s\u00faa cara anterior, a orientada ao cami\u00f1o principal, e a imaxe da Virxe ou de alg\u00fan santo na s\u00faa cara posterior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018Cruceiros\u2019 e cruces nas parroquias de Muros.<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-Cruceiro do cemiterio
-Cruceiro de Santa Rosa
-Cruz do Rumial
-Cruceiro da Virxe do Cami\u00f1o
-Cruceiro da capela da Santa Cruz
-Cruceiro da capela das Neves
-Cruceiro da Praza do Cristo
-Cruceiro de Santa Isabel ou dos Remedios<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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O celme mari\u00f1eiro<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O casco hist\u00f3rico de Muros cingue o porto. \u00c9 unha das mari\u00f1eiras mellor conservadas do litoral galego. \u00c1 chegada, am\u00f3sasenos a s\u00fas fachada de galer\u00edas e soportais, antigamente situados sobre a praia. O Curro da Praza<\/strong> \u00e9 o lugar de encontro e un bo punto para adentrarse nas zonas m\u00e1is altas, a\u00ednda que o viaxeiro xa veu que, desde a fachada mar\u00edtima parten estreitas r\u00faas cara ao interior.
As r\u00faas Axesta e Real<\/strong> transcorren paralelas ao porto: pequenas prazas, fontes e \u2018cruceiros\u2019 van xurdindo a cada paso; tam\u00e9n as igrexas e capelas, coa antiga Colexiata de Santa Mar\u00eda do Campo se\u00f1oreando a vila.
Do antigo Castelo que defendeu Muros desde a Idade Media ata a invasi\u00f3n francesa, quedan restos da muralla. E con todo, o m\u00e1is caracter\u00edstico son as vivendas mari\u00f1eiras que miran ao mar, e as construci\u00f3ns modernistas<\/strong>, que testifican a medra de Muros ao abeiro das industrias ligadas \u00e1 pesca.
O Casco Hist\u00f3rico de Muros \u00e9 Conxunto Hist\u00f3rico Art\u00edstico<\/strong> desde 1970.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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<\/p>\n","_gl_post_name":"","_gl_post_excerpt":"","_gl_post_title":"Patrimonio","_en_post_content":"\n

Cultural heritage in the Muros town of water and salt tour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

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Parish church, formerly Collegiate<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the top of the town, in the 12th century, the church of Santa Maria del Campo was erected. In 1500, when Pope Alexander VI granted the parish of Muros the right to a Collegiate church, it was temporarily awarded to the church of San Pedro; but before long renovations to the church of Santa Maria began, in order to properly reflect the town\u2019s new status.
\nToday all that remains of the original Romanesque elements are the main entrance, some corbels and stone engravings. The nave and apse were rebuilt in Gothic style to suit the mariners\u2019 taste, the large pointed arches being notable elements. By 1500 the Rosary Chapel and the sacristy had already been added.
The conversion to Collegiate expanded the site. Throughout the 16th and 17th centuries the side chapels were opened out. In the 18th century some of these were enlarged, and communicating arches were created by way of lateral naves. It was also around then that the baptistry and bell tower were erected.
\nHidden away among the decorations are two telling engravings: stars formed by fish.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Where<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00faa Rosal\u00eda de Castro<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Also...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Collegiate Church is the starting point of the Muros, Town of Water and Salt guided tour of Muros<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Old parish church<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This site, now deconsecrated, is Muros\u2019s oldest recorded parish church. The chapel, which the visitor center now occupies, is what remains of the old church of San Pedro de Muros.Some reports suggest that the parish of San Pedro de Muros existed in the 10th century.
\nIn 1500, Pope Alexander VI granted it the status of Collegiate church, which would later pass to the church of Santa Maria del Campo (Saint Mary in the Field).
\nTo note:
\n\u2013 Inscriptions on the outside wall. They usually refer to individuals who participated in the construction of the chapel.
\n\u2013 Corbels, under the cornice. Very typical of the Romanesque style, they include three human heads and various geometric motifs.
\n\u2013 Ornaments on the facades, with a very worn lamb (Agnus Dei) on the western side and a cross on the eastern.
\n\u2013 Inscriptions inside, corresponding to tombstones.
\n\u2013 Baptismal font in the former vestry. Inside you can still read the inscription \u2018JESUS-FILIUS PATER CUR SPRITU SANTO. SIGLO XV\u2019.
\n\u2013 Vaulting in both spaces, the former chapel and the sacristy. They are ribbed vaults, supported by decorated capitals.
\n\u2013 Remains of the old nave, now a cemetery. Part of one of the walls can still be seen, with small chapel- tombs.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Where<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00faa do Hospital<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Also...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is the Interpretation Centre of Muros, Town of Water and Salt<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Gothic Christ and votive offerings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This church is emblematic of maritime society and its religiosity.
\nFor one thing, it appears to have been linked from the beginning to a lepers\u2019 hospital<\/strong> and thus to charity. For another, it was central to maritime devotion: fishermen and sailors put their trust in Our Lady of the Way, evinced by a constant stream of votive offerings \u2013 offerings of gratitude for divine favour.
\nRecords exist, and remains can be seen, of an ancient Romanesque chapel. However, the existing sanctuary dates from the fifteenth century. It is marine Gothic in style. The nave, in four sections, is formed by three pointed arches that support a wooden roof and rest on buttresses. The main altar at the back of the church has ribbed vaulting.\nThe 14th-century Christ Crucified<\/strong> deserves special mention.
\nIt is a Gothic carving in the Tuscan style, unparalleled in the Peninsula (except for a similar image that was in the Collegiate church of Santa Maria del Campo in La Coruna, now located at La Rabida in Huelva). The original cross is gone and the figure suffered modifications during the Baroque period, such as the hair being cut off to be replaced by a wig, and repainting. During the Gothic period, the image of Christ was humanized: the representation of his suffering, his most human aspect, is emphasized. The somewhat restrained expression of pain through the symbols of the passion, the face and the body, are characteristic of the Tuscan school. Perhaps it is not, after all, surprising to find it in a town that had maritime contacts with Italy. This same church received, as a gift from Genoa, the marble baptismal font.
\nAlso characteristic of the sanctuary are its votive offerings<\/strong>, thanking the Virgin for interceding in times of danger, whether from a storm or a pirate attack, as shown in two pictures from the 18th century which narrate the events through text and illustration. Particularly striking is the model ship known as the Transit Frigate, donated probably in the 19th century for unknown reasons.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Where<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Virxe do Cami\u00f1o's place<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Also...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In mid-August, don\u2019t miss the Virxe do Camino celebrations<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Mariners\u2019 devotion<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This chapel<\/strong> is a private endowment, built in 1767 at the expense of Jeronimo Duran, from Muros but resident in Chile, at that time a part of the Viceroyalty of the River Plate. It represents the end of the Galician Baroque period, by then coexisting with neoclassicism. On the facade, framed by a pair of pilasters, the portico and coat of arms stand out. Inside, note the sculptural altar setting, presided over by the Virgin of the Carmen (Mt Carmelo in Israel).
\nNearby has stood since medieval times the Old Tower or Tower of the Archbishopric, which symbolized the dominion of the Compostela mitre over the town of Muros\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Where<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00faa do Carme (Carmen Lane) and nearby streets<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Also...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Merits a special visit during the Carmen celebrations, around the 16th of July.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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The 'cruceiros' (stone crosses) marking out the countryside<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Where<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rua Axesta (Axesta Lane), coming into Muros from Noia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Spirituality and solidarity<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The area around the chapel of San Xose, with its many steps, exemplifies the adaptation of the town centre\u2019s features to the terrain. The small chapel, privately owned, dates from the beginning of the 18th century, as does the cross that stands before it.
\nNearby is the Hospital of the Trinity, or Poor Hospital, which from medieval times up to the early 20th century tended the most needy \u2013 Muros inhabitants as well as travellers and pilgrims. It retains that spirit today, as a social centre.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Where<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rua San Xose (St Joseph\u2019s Lane) and surrounding area<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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The town\u2019s growth<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is mention of the street and neighborhood of Axesta from the 18th century, when the authorities encouraged house-building in the area. It was thus one of the growth areas of the city in modern times. Here was located the Justice Scroll, the column that symbolized Muros\u2019s jurisdiction, extending to nearby municipalities. Convicts were tied to it for public ridicule.
\nThe Rua de Axesta and its continuation the Rua Real (Royal Lane) form an axis, parallel to the waterfront, running through the higher part of old Muros. With stone buildings either side, it transports us to olden times.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Where<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00faa de Axesta (Axesta Lane)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Also...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Continue your tour along the Rua Real (Royal Lane)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Evolution of the fish pedlars<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Muros Market welcomes us with its double flight of steps. They have stone balustrades with mouldings, and balls on top.
\nInside, fresh produce from land and sea is sold. It is the antithesis of the past, when the women of Muros travelled the streets, and the paths inland, to sell fish fresh off the boats\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Where<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Praza do Mercado (Market Square)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Also...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Open every workday.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Women of the sea<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At one end of the esplanade, A Vella has been sitting and watching the sea for some years. This sculpture by Ramon Conde is a tribute to those who have been lost at sea and also those, women especially, who awaited their return.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Where<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esplanade.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Tide mill<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In such a maritime village, even agriculture made use of the sea. In this case, it used it for grinding grain. With increased cultivation of corn, the small river mills could not cope with the demand, so in the early 19th century the Mu\u00ed\u00f1o de Bazarra<\/strong>, (Bazarra\u2019s Mill) was built, named after its builder. Today it is better known as Mu\u00ed\u00f1o de Pozo do Cach\u00f3n<\/strong> (Waterfall Pool Mill). Owing to its size and state of preservation, it is one of the most important tidal mills in the Iberian Peninsula.
\nThe mill is driven by tidal rise and fall. Key to its operation is the dam, over 230m long. It fills with water at high tide and the dam is closed to prevent it flowing out. When the tide has gone out the sluices are opened, channelling the water to drive the millstones and grind the grain.
\nHere, above these \u2018moas\u2019 (molars or millstones) stands a long building which was used for storage, and even as a bathhouse, for treatment with seawater and seaweeds. Today it is a cultural center, open to the public.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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The industrialization of the Estuary of Muros and Noia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the Middle Ages the port of Muros was known for its fish production, especially the sardine, which could be widely exported thanks to salting. From the late 18th century, the wealth of the seas attracted many industrialists, who settled in Muros and around the bay. They brought a new approach to traditional practices. First the salting factories, then the canneries completely changed the economy of Muros and the lifestyles of the people of the sea. The great explosion of this new industry took place during the nineteenth century and lasted well into the next century. However, overexploitation had its drawbacks, and eventually led to the closure of many of the factories. Here are some whose ruins still delineate the coastal landscape.
\nSel Cannery: the Sel family, from Castro Urdiales, came to Muros in the late nineteenth century on their return from emigration to Argentina. They created a cannery which processed mainly sardines, but it survived until the 1970s thanks to shellfish. The building that housed the factory is visible, refurbished, by the road to Serres and Noia.
\nIn the opposite direction, going towards Carnota, the ruins of Joaquin Vieta\u2019s factory still stand, with a jetty. From the Sanctuary of the Virgin of the Way can be seen, across the inlet, the Three Gables, the remains of the Romani factory. And, one after another, throughout the town center and all along the coast, there are vestiges of that industrial past, some now just memories.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Popular devotion<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Religious practice in Muros led to other small temples being built throughout the parish. They help us to understand the nuances of maritime devotion.
\nCapilla de las Nieves (Chapel of the Snows).<\/strong>
\nBuilt in the 18th century, beside the so-called Holy Spring on the hillside of As Neves, the chapel is unique because of its surroundings and its outstanding views. It is in fact a hermitage, to which a porch giving access has recently been added. The villagers traditionally go to the spring since it is believed to have miraculous powers.
\nChapel of San Roque.<\/strong>
\nThere is record of its existence from 1609, but its present appearance is baroque, in the style of the second half of the 18th century. It is composed of three distinct spaces: nave, sanctuary and sacristy. It hosted a brotherhood, whose chaplain was a canon of the Collegiate.
\nCapilla del Espiritu Santo (Chapel of the Holy Spirit).<\/strong>
\nAn old Gothic hermitage. The interior of the building is divided by arches which support a pointed barrel vault. The original small and primitive construction was enlarged in the 1920s using material from the ruined chapel of St Cross.\nDocuments from the 18th century allude to the presence of a hermit who \u2018sheltered\u2019 in an adjoining house and subsisted on a vegetable garden. Both house and garden belonged to the hermitage.
\nCapilla de San Marcos (St Mark\u2019s chapel).<\/strong>
\nSituated in the woods and recently refurbished, an annual pilgrimage picnic is once again celebrated here. According to an inscription over the doorway it dates from 1480, although the form is Romanesque, a barrel vault being the main structural element. On the exterior are corbels, representing scrolls, triangles or animals. Two decorative elements are of particular interest: representations of flattened faces in the shape of the moon.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Marking the territory<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The role of the \u2018cruceiros\u2019 was to sanctify everyday spaces, in town centres, on paths, or in more remote locations. They have been common since the Gothic period and usually represent the Christ crucified on the front, the side facing towards the main path, and the Virgin Mary or a saint on the back.
\n\u2018Cruceiros\u2019 and other crosses in the parish of Muros:<\/strong>
\n- Cruceiro del Cementerio (Cemetery cross).
\n- Cruceiro de Santa Rosa (St Rose).
\n- Cruz de O Rumial.
\n- Cruceiro de la Virgen del Camino (the Virgin of the Way).
\n- Cruceiro de la Capilla de Santa Cruz (Chapel of St Cross).
\n- Cruceiro de la Capilla de la Nieves (Chapel of the Snows).
\n- Cruceiro de la Plaza del Cristo (Christ Square).
\n- Cruceiro de Santa Isabel.
\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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The seafaring soul<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The old town hugs the harbour. It is one of the best-preserved fishing villages on the Galician coast. From the harbour we see the long facade of galleries and arcades: the beach used to go right up to them. The Curro da Praza<\/strong> (Pound Square), overlooked by the Town Hall, is the meeting place, and a good starting point for getting to the higher areas. The traveller will have already spotted that, from the waterfront, narrow alleyways lead inside the town.
\nThe long lane called Axesta and then Real runs parallel to the waterfront, little squares, fountains and \u2018cruceiros\u2019 (stone crosses) emerging with every step; also churches and chapels, with the former Collegiate Church of St Mary in the Field overseeing the town.
\nOf the old castle which defended Muros from the Middle Ages to the French invasion, only some remains of the town wall can still be seen; more characteristic are the mariners\u2019 dwellings, looking out to sea, and the modernist buildings<\/strong>, testifying to Muros\u2019s growth through fishing-related industries.
\nThe old town centre of Muros has been a listed Historic Site<\/strong> since 1970.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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